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XSL transformation, an XSLT processor reads both an XML document and
an XSLT style sheet. Based on the instructions the processor finds in the
Extensible Stylesheet Language, it
outputs a new XML document or fragment thereof. There is also special support for outputting
some HTML.
With some effort most XSLT processors can also be made to output for all intents
and purposes logical text,
though XSLT is designed primarily for transformation of XML to XML and XML to HTML
documents.
Kinds of XML Nodes
For the purposes of XSLT, elements, attributes, namespaces, processing instructions,
and comments are counted as nodes. Furthermore, the root of the XML document must be
distinguished from the root element. Thus,
Extensible Stylesheet Language processors model an XML file as a tree that contains seven kinds of nodes.
- The root
element of XML
- Elements
in root
- Text
in elements
- Attributes
of elements
- Namespaces
of any element
- Processing instructions
are functions to transform such as loops variables etc.
- Comments in line or multiple lines.
XSLT and XPath
XSLT relies upon the W3C's XPath language for identifying subsets of the source documents
tree, as well as for performing required calculations. XPath also provides a range of
built-in functions,
which XSLT itself further augments. This reliance upon XPath adds a great deal of power
and flexibility to XSLT for navigation.
XSLT 2.0 relies on XPath version 2.0. both specifications were published on the same date.
Similarly, Extensible Stylesheet Language version 1.0 works with XPath version 1.0.
Examples of XSLT Transformation in HTML and XML
XML Code for XSLT Transformation Example
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="xslt_Transformation.xsl"?>
<employees>
<employee username="Emp1">
<employee_id>104</employee_id>
<employee_name>Smith</employee_name>
</employee>
<employee username="Emp2">
<employee_id>107</employee_id>
<employee_name>Mariya</employee_name>
</employee>
</employees>
Example of XML to XML Transformation [xslt_Transformation.xsl]
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="https://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes"/>
<xsl:template match="/">
<root> <xsl:apply-templates/> </root>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="//employee">
<name username="{@username}">
<xsl:value-of select="employee_name" />
</name>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
Example of XML to HTML Transformation [xslt_Transformation1.xsl]
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="https://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="/employees">
<html xmlns="https://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head> <title>XSLT Transformation Example into HTML</title> </head>
<body>
<h1>
<a href="https://www.globalguideline.com/xslt"><font color="0066CC">
Example of XSLT Transformation at Global Guide Line XSLT Tutorial
</font></a>
</h1>
<h2>Employees at Global Guide Line</h2>
<ul>
<xsl:apply-templates select="employee">
<xsl:sort select="employee_name" />
</xsl:apply-templates>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="employee">
<li>
<xsl:value-of select="employee_id"/>,
<xsl:value-of select="employee_name"/>
</li>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
Sources of XSLT Transformation in HTML and XML Examples
View complete sources and outputs by simply clicking on file name of XSLT, XML,
Out Put XSLT Transformation files below.
Viewing XML Files in Firefox and Internet Explorer Browsers.
Open the XML file simply by double click - Then the XML document will be
displayed with color-coded root and child elements. Plus (+) or Minus mark (-) to the left of
the all elements can be clicked to expand or collapse the element structure. To view the raw XML source
of any XML document without the + and
- signs, select "View Page Source" or "View Source" from the browser menu of you
opened browser.
Viewing XML Files in Netscape Navigator.
Open the XML file in Netscape Navigator, then right-click in XML
document and select "View Page Source".
The XML file will then be displayed with color-coded root and child elements.
Viewing Files of XML in Opera 7.
Open the XML file in Opera browser, then right-click in XML
document and select "Frame" / "View Source".
The XML document will be displayed as plain text file with XML coiding..
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