Server Support Interview Preparation Guide

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Active Directory Logical components are Forests, Trees, Domains, OUs and Objects.

Active Directory Physical components are Domain Controllers, Sites and subnets.

Application partition contains the information of application data and other data related to application as well. But it does not contain any data related AD object such as USER, COMPUTER and GROUP. The saved data will be replicated to some of the particular DC not to all the DCs.

Mostly we use scsi hardrive in server due few reason to it, high scalability & flexibility in raid array, faster from other type of hdd interface like-sata,ata,ide also it reliable & compatible with older scsi devices

Command Line Tools

1) GPupdate

2) Where

3) SystemInfo

4) CSVDE

5) LDIFDE

6) CMDCONS

7) Ipconfig

8) RoboCopy

9) CMDHere

10) PathPing

FSMO roles are important role in server . these are schema master,domain naming master in forest level while infrastructure master,pdc emulator and RID master in every dc level. each roles plays important parts . if FSMO roles fails it has not direct impact till we not made changes on schema ,or not added any new object or any new user tries to reconnect. but two methods piercing and seizing is used to transfer these roles to another server .In 1. piercing we register schema using srvr32scheamgmt.dll and transfer roles through schema snap-in to another server to the server which already an schema holder ( some roles) 2.in cash of total fail we go to ADRM of througg cmd use NTdsutil to transfer roles . however infrastructure roles are not places in GC server .

Garbage collection is the process of the online De-fragmentation of active directory. It happens every 12 Hours.

Please share your views.

1. Microsoft outlook is a client email application which is not inbuilt with an O.S where as outlook express is an inbuilt application with an O.S

2.POP3-110 HTTP - 80 SMTP -25 & IMAP-143

3.PST -Personal storage table, is used to store the e-mail in the computer hard drive itself. unfortunately if you move to some other computer we can copy that PST and use it on the other system.

4.File --> import and export from there we can take backup of outlook files

5.PST file contain uncomfortable format of mails which an end user doesnt know. we can read with the help of outlook connections

6.Never, but we can create rule in outlook for folders or i would say mail flow

7.it will helps you to fetch email from server. so the communication between outlook client and server would happen in a very lesser time. i would say for the quick response

Patch: Microsoft Patch contain the updates for the application and improve the performance and clear the bugs

Hot fix: this is also same like patch but the hot fill comes along with the new future and bugs clearance.

Service Pack: Latest service pack contain the host fix and patch and the latest updates

DNS: internet system which is converting name to ip and ip to name .
DNS Records are
SOA Record
N S Record
Host Record
Alias Record
pointer
Mx
Srv record

Replication: Replication means duplicate data..Eg- DC and ADC shares same database..whatever changes are made in DC will automattically be replicated to ADC and vice-versa..

Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) is the infrastructure for management data and operations on Windows-based operating systems. You can write WMI scripts or applications to automate administrative tasks on remote computers but WMI also supplies management data to other parts of the operating system and products, for example System Center Operations Manager, formerly Microsoft Operations Manager (MOM), or Windows Remote Management (WinRM).

A proxy server is used for security purposes, performance ( caching) or anonymity. It may be purely software or may run on its own hardware, either a standard PC or server machine or a custom hardware appliance.

Click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and then click Configure Your Server Wizard.
Click Next.
Click Next.
Click Print server in the Server role box, and then click Next.
On the "Printers and Printer Drivers" page, click the types of Windows clients that your print server will support, and then click Next.
Click Next.
On the "Add Printer Wizard Welcome" page, click Next.
Click Local printer attached to this computer, click to clear the Automatically detect and install my Plug and Play printer check box, and then click Next.
Click the port for your printer, and then click Next.
Click the printer make and model or provide the drivers from the printer manufacturer media, and then click Next.

NOTE: If you are prompted to keep or not keep your existing printer driver, either keep the existing driver or replace the existing driver. If you replace the driver, you must provide the manufacturer driver for this printer. Click Next to continue.

Accept the default name of the printer or provide a different name, and then click Next.

Click the Share as option, type the share name, and then click Next.

NOTE: This step is optional because you can share the printer later. You may provide the location of the printer and a comment to make it easier to locate. Click Next to continue. Click the Print a test page option, click Next, and then click Finish to quit the Add Printer Wizard. Your printer appears in the Printers and Faxes folder.

ADM: Administrative Templates Xp adn 2003 server
ADMX: Administrative Templates in XML files from Vista onwards.

ADM is containing the group policy user and computer configuration settings, which we can import and export it.

NTDS.DIT file represents the Active Directory Databases, which has the user, computer, and other AD objects including printer and faxes . It is located under C:windowssystem32NTDS. If you delete the NTDS.DIT, we have to do the system state backup to be restored and the objects and the work on the day you do restore have been lost. Now in windows server 2008 R2 edition having feature , which can restore the deleted object from ADDS.

Boot sequence for Windows NT, 2000, XP and 2003:

BIOS: performs Power On Self Test (POST)
BIOS: loads MBR (Master Boot Record) from the boot device
MBR: contains a small amount of code that reads the partition table and loads the boot sector from the system volume
BOOT SECTOR: reads the root directory of the system volume at loads NTLDR
NTLDR: reads BOOT.INI from the system volume to determine the boot drive.loads and executes NTDETECT.COM from the system volume to perform BIOS hardware detection
loads NTOSKRNL.EXE, HAL.DLL, BOOTVID.DLL from the boot (Windows) volume
NTLDR: loads WINDOWSSYSTEM32CONFIGSYSTEM which becomes the system hive HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESystem
NTLDR: loads drivers flagged as "boot" defined in the system hive, then passes control to NTOSKRNL.EXE
NTOSKRNL.EXE: creates the Session Manager process (SMSS.EXE)
SMSS.EXE: starts WINLOGON.EXE
WINLOGON.EXE: starts the Local Security Authority (LSASS.EXE) and the services controller (SERVICES.EXE)

The SYSTEM volume is the partition from which the boot process starts, containing the MBR, boot sector, NTLDR, NTDETECT.COM & BOOT.INI

SYSVOL folder contains the GPTs, GPCs .

Difference Between 2003 & 2008 server.

There are some of the measure points:
1)2008 server has core & read only domain controller Installation, which is not there in 2003 server.
2)2008 server has introduced Powershell command line tool where can manages the all the activities, which is not there in 2003 server.
3) 2008 server has Hyper-V virtulation server, which is not there in 2003 server.
4) Most important is deleted objects can restore form Recyline, where 2003 has tombstone & third party tool called"Adrestore.net"

Disk scheduling algorithms are algorithms designed and used for scheduling disk operations
Disk scheduling algorithms dramatically increase disk performance
Disk scheduling algorithms aims to minimize seek time in moving-head disk
There are several algorithms available to schedule the servicing of disk I/O requests

Some of the Disk scheduling related algorithms are listed here below:

- Anticipatory scheduling
- CFQ
- Deadline scheduler
- Elevator algorithm
- FIFO / FCFS (First Come, First Served)
- SSTF (Shortest Seek Time First)
- FSCAN
- I/O scheduling
- LOOK algorithm
- N-Step-SCAN
- C-SCAN (circular scan)
- Noop scheduler
- C-LOOK

Every domain controller has a shared folder in its local file system that is the file system component of Active Directory. This shared folder, named SYSVOL, contains files and folders that must be available and synchronized between domain controllers in a domain, including:
•

The NETLOGON shared folder, which includes system policies and user-based logon and logoff scripts for non-Windows Server 2003 and non-Windows 2000 network clients, such as clients running Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT 4.0.
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Windows Server 2003 and Windows 2000 system policies.
•

Group Policy settings (templates), including Group Policy settings for domain controllers running Windows Server 2003 or Windows 2000.
When you add, remove, or modify the contents in the SYSVOL shared folder, FRS replicates the changed contents to the SYSVOL shared folders on all other domain controllers in the domain.

A forest is a collection of multiple trees that share a common global catalog, directory schema, logical structure, and directory configuration.
Trees are collections of one or more domains that allow global resource sharing. A tree may consist of a single domain or multiple domains in a contiguous namespace

For small sites where you need mail, but not a powerful exchange server.

Active directory is a directory service / database which contains all the information related as part of domain. Like server / computer / users / groups and etc. All the entities are part of domain are call it as objects. So this ADS service will relate /integrate all the object in AD. This is same like our NDS in NT4X but NDS we cannot edit / update from anywhere. Since ADS allow administrator to edit the objects from any where we are calling this as a ACTIVE DIRECTORY.