General Datawarehousing Interview Preparation Guide

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1.Normalization is process for assigning attributes to entities?Reducesdata redundancies?Helps eliminate data anomalies?Produces controlledredundancies to link tables

2.Normalization is the analysis offunctional dependency between attributes / data items of userviews􀁺It reduces a complex user view to a set of small andstable subgroups of fields / relations

1NF:Repeating groups must beeliminated, Dependencies can be identified, All key attributesdefined,No repeating groups in table

2NF: The Table is already in1NF,Includes no partial dependencies?No attribute dependent on a portionof primary key, Still possible to exhibit transitivedependency,Attributes may be functionally dependent on non-keyattributes

3NF: The Table is already in 2NF, Contains no transitivedependencies

The original Piconet was a USB-style expansion port on RM Nimbus computers.

These days, a piconet is an ad-hoc computer network linking a user group of devices using Bluetooth technology protocols to allow one master device to interconnect with up to seven active slave devices (because a three-bit MAC address is used). Up to 255 further slave devices can be inactive, or parked, which the master device can bring into active status at any time.

A piconet typically has a range of about 10 m and a transfer rate between about 400 and 700 kbit/s, depending on whether synchronous or asynchronous connection is used.

All Parked Slaves have 8 bit parked member address (PMA) and all the active slaves have 3 bit active member address (AMA). The AMA is used by the master to send packets to a specific slave and to identify that the slave has sent a response packet.

Conventional Load:
Before loading the data, all the Table constraints will be checked against the data.

Direct load:(Faster Loading)
All the Constraints will be disabled. Data will be loaded directly.Later the data will be checked against the table constraints and the bad data won't be indexed.

1. ODS means Operational Data Store.

Submitted by Francis C. ( xxchen74 @ hotmail . com )

2. A collection of operation or bases data that is extracted from operation databases and standardized, cleansed, consolidated, transformed, and loaded into an enterprise data architecture. An ODS is used to support data mining of operational data, or as the store for base data that is summarized for a data warehouse. The ODS may also be used to audit the data warehouse to assure summarized and derived data is calculated properly. The ODS may further become the enterprise shared operational database, allowing operational systems that are being reengineered to use the ODS as there operation databases.

Data Marts are designed to help manager make strategic decisions about their business.

Data Marts are subset of the corporate-wide data that is of value to a specific group of users.

There are two types of Data Marts:

1.Independent data marts ? sources from data captured form OLTP system, external providers or from data generated locally within a particular department or geographic area.

2.Dependent data mart ? sources directly form enterprise data warehouses.

Level of granularity means level of detail that you put into the fact table in a data warehouse. For example: Based on design you can decide to put the sales data in each transaction. Now, level of granularity would mean what detail are you willing to put for each transactional fact. Product sales with respect to each minute or you want to aggregate it upto minute and put that data.

VLDB stands for Very Large DataBase.

It is an environment or storage space managed by a relational database management system (RDBMS) consisting of vast quantities of information.

SCD Stands for Slowly changing dimensions.

SCD1: only maintained updated values.

Ex: a customer address modified we update existing record with new address.


SCD2: maintaining historical information and current information by using

A) Effective Date

B) Versions

C) Flags

or combination of these

SCD3: by adding new columns to target table we maintain historical information and current information.

Snapshot facts are semi-additive, while we maintain aggregated facts we go for semi-additive.

EX: Average daily balance

A fact table without numeric fact columns is called factless fact table.

Ex: Promotion Facts

While maintain the promotion values of the transaction (ex: product samples) because this table doesn’t contain any measures.

The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a commonly-used protocol for managing the security of a message transmission on the Internet. SSL has recently been succeeded by Transport Layer Security (TLS), which is based on SSL. SSL uses a program layer located between the Internet's Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Transport Control Protocol (TCP) layers. SSL is included as part of both the Microsoft and Netscape browsers and most Web server products. Developed by Netscape, SSL also gained the support of Microsoft and other Internet client/server developers as well and became the de facto standard until evolving into Transport Layer Security. The "sockets" part of the term refers to the sockets method of passing data back and forth between a client and a server program in a network or between program layers in the same computer. SSL uses the public-and-private key encryption system from RSA, which also includes the use of a digital certificate.
TLS and SSL are an integral part of most Web browsers (clients) and Web servers. If a Web site is on a server that supports SSL, SSL can be enabled and specific Web pages can be identified as requiring SSL access. Any Web server can be enabled by using Netscape's SSLRef program library which can be downloaded for noncommercial use or licensed for commercial use.

TLS and SSL are not interoperable. However, a message sent with TLS can be handled by a client that handles SSL but not TLS.