Full Load: completely erasing the contents of one or more tables and reloading with fresh data.
Incremental Load: applying ongoing changes to one or more tables based on a predefined schedule.
When addressing a table some dimension key must reflect the need for a record to get extracted. Mostly it will be from time dimension (e.g. date >= 1st of current mth) or a transaction flag (e.g. Order Invoiced Stat). Foolproof would be adding an archive flag to record which gets reset when record changes.
ETL Tool:
It is used to Extract(E) data from multiple source systems(like RDBMS,Flat files,Mainframes,SAP,XML etc) transform(T) them based on Business requirements and Load(L) in target locations.(like tables,files etc).
Need of ETL Tool:
An ETL tool is typically required when data scattered accross different systems.(like RDBMS,Flat files,Mainframes,SAP,XML etc).
Yes, you can use advanced external transformation. for more detail you can refer the manual of informatica transformation guide in that advance external transformation. You can use c++ language on unix and c++, vb vc++ on windows server.
Yes,we can override a native sql query in source qualifier and lookup transformation.
In lookup transformation we can find "Sql override" in lookup properties.by using this option we can do this.

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