Mostly Asked Basic Networking Concepts Interview Preparation Guide

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1: Client/Server Network
2: Peer-to-Peer Network

Below line will convert a numeric IP address like 192.18.97.39 into a hostname like globalguideline.com

String hostname = InetAddress.getByName("192.18.97.39").getHostName();

Two types of transmission technology available are:
(i) Broadcast
(ii) point-to-point.

(i) Simplex
(ii) Half-duplex
(iii) Full-duplex.

10Base2—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband signaling, with a contiguous cable segment length of 100 meters and a maximum of 2 segments
10Base5—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband signaling, with 5 continuous segments not exceeding 100 meters per segment.
10BaseT—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband signaling and twisted pair cabling.

A communications protocol used to connect computers to remote networking services including Internet service providers.

A gateway operates at the upper levels of the OSI model and translates information between two completely different network architectures or data formats.

A generic term for section of a large networks usually separated by a bridge or router.

A layer of a glass surrounding the center fiber of glass inside a fiber-optic cable.

A Management Information Base is part of every SNMP-managed device. Each SNMP agent has the MIB database that contains information about the device's status, its performance, connections, and configuration. The MIB is queried by SNMP.

A method for providing fault tolerance by using multiple hard disk drives to get backups of data.

A network in which there are multiple network links between computers to provide multiple paths for data to travel.

A protocol that assures accurate local timekeeping with reference to radio and atomic clocks located on the Internet. This protocol is capable of synchronizing distributed clocks within milliseconds over long time periods. It is defined in STD 12, RFC 1119.

A pseudo tty or false terminal enables external machines to connect through Telnet or rlogin. Without a pseudo tty, no connection can take place.

A resource record is an entry in a name server's database. There are several types of resource records used, including name-to-address resolution information. Resource records are maintained as ASCII files.

A TCB is a complex data structure that contains a considerable amount of information about each connection.

Along any transmission path from a given source to a given destination, a group of virtual circuits can be grouped together into what is called path.

An unspecified passive open has the server waiting for a connection request from a client. A fully specified passive open has the server waiting for a connection from a specific client.

Anonymous FTP enables users to connect to a host without using a valid login and password. Usually, anonymous FTP uses a login called anonymous or guest, with the password usually requesting the user's ID for tracking purposes only. Anonymous FTP is used to enable a large number of users to access files on the host without having to go to the trouble of setting up logins for them all. Anonymous FTP systems usually have strict controls over the areas an anonymous user can access.

Bit rate is the number of bits transmitted during one second whereas baud rate refers to the number of signal units per second that are required to represent those bits.
baud rate = bit rate / N
where N is no-of-bits represented by each signal shift.

BUS topology:
In this each computer is directly connected to primary network cable in a single line.
Advantages:
Inexpensive, easy to install, simple to understand, easy to extend.
STAR topology:
In this all computers are connected using a central hub.
Advantages:
Can be inexpensive, easy to install and reconfigure and easy to trouble shoot physical problems.
RING topology:
In this all computers are connected in loop.
Advantages:
All computers have equal access to network media, installation can be simple, and signal does not degrade as much as in other topologies because each computer regenerates it.

range of IP addresses in the classes of internet addresses are as under...

Class A 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255
Class B 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255
Class C 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255
Class D 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255
Class E 240.0.0.0 - 247.255.255.255

DNS uses UDP for communication between servers. It is a better choice than TCP because of the improved speed a connectionless protocol offers. Of course, transmission reliability suffers with UDP.

Every line has an upper limit and a lower limit on the frequency of signals it can carry. This limited range is called the bandwidth.