Pathology Question:
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Rule-based systems underlie most clinical event monitors (programs that detect important clinical events and notify appropriate medical personnel). Often these systems work in conjunction with data from the clinical pathology LIS. What aspects of clinical pathology make a rule-based system a reasonable approach?

Answer:

Clinical laboratory databases consist of many discrete test results that have known reference ranges and critical values. Well-established patterns of these results exist that is known as related to important clinical conditions. Writing rules that detect and alert to these patterns is straightforward.

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You are working with an intensive care unit (ICU) attending physician on a project to see if you can predict readmission for patients with pancreatitis. You have access to a large database of ICU data (such as cardiac catheter values, vital signs, and respiratory parameters), as well as all of the data that can be gleaned from the LIS. There are approximately 800 measurements of various types for each of 4000 patients. You do not really have any specific ideas about what values would be most predictive; in fact, you think it is likely that the predictors are highly complex combinations of factors. Which of the 3 types of artificial intelligence systems would be most appropriate for this problem, and why?Artificial intelligence and data-mining systems often use "training data sets" and "test data sets." Define these terms and describe briefly how these data sets are used.